highly developed engine

1) Aviation: high efficiency engine

2) Astronautics: high-performance engine, highly-developed engine

1 to develop (mejorar) (crecimiento, país).

desarrolló un sexto sentido para las finanzas she developed o acquired a sixth sense for money

El orador desarrolló el tema The orator developed the subject.

El programador desarrolla sistemas The programmer develops systems.

2 to expound, to explain (exponer) (teoría, tema, fórmula).

¿podrías desarrollar esa idea un poco más? could you expand on that idea a little more?

3 to carry out (realizar) (actividad, trabajo).

4 to expand (Mat).

5 to unroll, to unfold.

El camarero desarrolló la alfombra The waiter unrolled the rug.

6 to train.

7 to rear, to raise.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to develop

■ desarrolló una gran inteligencia he showed great intelligence

■ desarrollar el cuerpo to develop one's body

2 (deshacer un rollo) to unroll, unfold

3 (exponer) to expound, explain

4 (llevar a cabo) to carry out

■ desarrollar un proyecto to carry out a project

5 MATEMÁTICAS to expand, develop

► verbo pronominal desarrollarse

1 (crecer) to develop

2 (transcurrir) to take place

■ la novela se desarrolla en el siglo XIX the novel is set in the 19th century

■ la representación se desarrolló perfectamente the performance went off without a hitch

* * *

- desarrollarse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ economía, industria, mercado] to develop

2) (=explicar) [+ teoría, tema, punto] to develop

3) (=realizar) [+ trabajo, proyecto] to carry out; [+ técnica, método] to develop

4) [+ capacidad, músculos, memoria] to develop

5) (Mec)

6) (Mat) [+ ecuación, función] to expand

7) (=desenrollar) [+ algo enrollado] to unroll; [+ algo plegado] to unfold, open (out)

desarrollarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) <facultad/inteligencia> to develop; < músculos> to develop, build up

b) <industria/comercio> to develop

c) <teoría/plan> to develop

2)

a) ( exponer) <teoría/tema> to explain

b) ( llevar a cabo) <actividad/labor> to carry out; < plan> to put into practice

3) (Chi) (Fot) to develop

desarrollarse v pron

1) cuerpo/planta to develop, grow; pueblo/economía to develop; teoría/idea to develop, evolve

2) acto/entrevista/escena to take place

* * *

= cultivate, develop, evolve, work out, realise [realize, -USA], flesh out, come along, stitch together.

Ex. Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.

Ex. Various large abstracting and indexing co-operative ventures or networks have developed their own formats.

Ex. Virtually all software packages offer the purchaser the opportunity to evolve a record format which suits a specific application.

Ex. The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.

Ex. Librarians, information scientists, and keepers of the archives have to realise the meaning of the so-called electronic library (e-library).

Ex. The modern world has seen two documentary disciplines -- library science and archival science -- arise and flesh out a theory, methodology, and practice.

Ex. However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.

Ex. Adolescence is a time when teens 'start to stitch together a personal culture: the things they like to do with their time'.

----

* acontecimientos + desarrollarse = events + unfold.

* desarrollar al máximo = develop + Nombre + to its full potential.

* desarrollar aun más = take + one stage further, progress + one stage further, carry + one stage further, develop + one stage further, take + a step further, extend + one step further, carry + one step further, take + one step further, develop + further.

* desarrollar el amor a/por = build + a love of.

* desarrollar el carácter de Uno = build + Posesivo + character.

* desarrollar el instinto para = develop + a nose for.

* desarrollar el potencial de Algo = develop + potential, develop + Posesivo + (full) potential, achieve + Posesivo + potential, achieve + Posesivo + full potential.

* desarrollar la capacidad de = gain in + the ability to.

* desarrollar las capacidades = fulfil + potential.

* desarrollar las posibilidades = live up to + Posesivo + potential.

* desarrollar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.

* desarrollarse = proceed, grow, build up, burgeon, unfold, grow up, come up, shape up.

* desarrollarse a uno mismo = self-actualise [self-actualize, -USA].

* desarrollarse demasiado pronto = peak + too early.

* desarrollarse en un sentido determinado = develop along + lines.

* desarrollarse sin problemas = go + smoothly.

* desarrollar una definición = explode + definition.

* desarrollar una destreza = develop + skill, build + skill.

* desarrollar una idea = amplify + idea.

* desarrollar una personalidad propia = develop + identity.

* desarrollar una técnica = develop + skill, build + skill.

* desarrollar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.

* desarrollar un proyecto = develop + project.

* lograr desarrollar el potencial de Algo = achieve + Posesivo + full potential, achieve + Posesivo + potential.

* persona que se desarrolla tarde = late bloomer.

* que permite desarrollar menús de consulta = menu-making.

* que se desarrollan = at play.

* que se está desarrollando = evolving.

* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) <facultad/inteligencia> to develop; < músculos> to develop, build up

b) <industria/comercio> to develop

c) <teoría/plan> to develop

2)

a) ( exponer) <teoría/tema> to explain

b) ( llevar a cabo) <actividad/labor> to carry out; < plan> to put into practice

3) (Chi) (Fot) to develop

desarrollarse v pron

1) cuerpo/planta to develop, grow; pueblo/economía to develop; teoría/idea to develop, evolve

2) acto/entrevista/escena to take place

* * *

* * *

desarrollar [A1 ]

1 ‹facultad/inteligencia› to develop; ‹músculos› to develop, build up

tiene el sentido del olfato muy desarrollado it has a very highly developed sense of smell

2 ‹industria/comercio› to develop

3 (ampliar, desenvolver) ‹idea/teoría/plan› to develop

1 (exponer) ‹teoría/idea› to explain, expound ( frml); ‹tema› to explain

2 ( Mat) to develop

3 (llevar a cabo) ‹actividad/labor› to carry out; ‹plan› to put into practice

«coche/motor»: desarrolla una velocidad de … it can reach a speed of …

desarrolla 75 caballos it develops o generates 75 horsepower

D ( Chi) ( Fot) to develop

1 (crecer) «niño/cuerpo/planta» to develop, grow

2 «adolescente» to develop, go through puberty

3 «pueblo/industria/economía» to develop

4 «teoría/idea» to develop, evolve

B «acto/entrevista» to take place

habrá que esperar a ver cómo se desarrollan los acontecimientos we shall have to wait and see how things develop o turn out

la acción se desarrolla en una aldea gallega the action unfolds o takes place in a Galician village

* * *

a) ( exponer) ‹teoría/tema› to explain

b) ( llevar a cabo) ‹actividad/labor› to carry out

* * *

♦ vt

1. [mejorar] [economía, capacidades, musculatura] to develop;

desarrolló un sexto sentido para las finanzas she developed o acquired a sixth sense for money

2. [exponer] [tema] to explain, to develop;

¿podrías desarrollar esa idea un poco más? could you expand on that idea a little more?

3. [realizar] [actividad, trabajo, proyecto] to carry out

4. [crear] [prototipos, técnicas, estrategias] to develop

5. [velocidad]

6. Mat [término] to expand;

♦ See also the pronominal verb desarrollarse

* * *

1 develop

2 tema explain

3 trabajo carry out

* * *

desarrollar vt

: to develop

♦ See also the reflexive verb desarrollarse

* * *

desarrollar vb

1. (en general) to develop

2. (realizar) to carry out [pt. & pp. carried]

The low-frequency vibration developed in a liquid-propellant engine can be eliminated by…

A highly developed low- and/or high-frequency self-excited vibration may bring about an ultimate destruction of the thrust chamber…

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.

Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.

Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

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Adj. high-bred; TECH. sophisticated; Rennwagen etc.: souped up umg.

* * *

adj (usu pej)

* * *

adj AGR (pej) overbred pej

* * *

Adjektiv highly-bred < animal>; highly sophisticated <engine, system>

* * *

hochgezüchtet adj high-bred; TECH sophisticated; Rennwagen etc: souped up umg

* * *

Adjektiv highly-bred < animal>; highly sophisticated <engine, system>

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering

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John Wallis Titt grew up on a farm which had a working post-mill, but at 24 years of age he joined the firm of Wallis, Haslam \& Stevens, agricultural engineers and steam engine builders in Basingstoke. From there he went to the millwrighting firm of Brown \& May of Devizes, where he worked for five years.

In 1872 he founded his own firm in Warminster, where his principal work as an agricultural engineer was on hay and straw elevators. In 1876 he moved his firm to the Woodcock Ironworks, also in Warminster. There he carried on his work as an agricultural engineer, but he also had an iron foundry. By 1884 the firm was installing water pumps on estates around Warminster, and it was about that time that he built his first wind engines. Between 1884 and 1903, when illness forced his retirement, his wind engines were built primarily with adjustable sails. These wind engines, under the trade marks "Woodcock" and "Simplex", consisted of a lattice tower with the sails mounted on a a ring at the top. The sails were turned to face the wind by means of a fantail geared to the ring or by a wooden vane. The important feature lay in the sails, which were made of canvas on a wood-and-iron frame mounted in a ring. The ends of the sail frames were hinged to the sail circumferences. In the middle of the sail a circular strap was attached so that all the frames had the same aspect for a given setting of the bar. The importance lies in the adjustable sails, which gave the wind engine the ability to work in variable winds.

Whilst this was not an original patent of John Wallis Titt, he is known to be the only maker of wind engines in Britain who built his business on this highly efficient form of sail. In design terms it derives from the annular sails of the conventional windmills at Haverhill in Suffolk and Roxwell in Essex. After his retirement, his sons reverted to the production of the fixed-bladed galvanized-iron wind engine.

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   1) Cognitive Processes Truly Exist

   The basic reason for studying cognitive processes has become as clear as the reason for studying anything else: because they are there. Our knowledge of the world must be somehow developed from stimulus input.... Cognitive processes surely exist, so it can hardly be unscientific to study them. (Neisser, 1967, p. 5).

   2) Cognitive Psychologists Construe the Abstract Mechanisms Underlying Behavior

   The task of the cognitive psychologist is a highly inferential one. The cognitive psychologist must proceed from observations of the behavior of humans performing intellectual tasks to conclusions about the abstract mechanisms underlying the behavior. Developing a theory in cognitive psychology is much like developing a model for the working of the engine of a strange new vehicle by driving the vehicle, being unable to open it up to inspect the engine itself....

   It is well understood from the automata theory... that many different mechanisms can generate the same external behavior. (Anderson, 1980, pp. 12, 17)

   3) Cognitive Psychology Does Not Deal with Whole People

   [Cognitive psychology does not] deal with whole people but with a very special and bizarre-almost Frankensteinian-preparation, which consists of a brain attached to two eyes, two ears, and two index fingers. This preparation is only to be found inside small, gloomy cubicles, outside which red lights burn to warn ordinary people away.... It does not feel hungry or tired or inquisitive; it does not think extraneous thoughts or try to understand what is going on. It is, in short, a computer, made in the image of the larger electronic organism that sends it stimuli and records its responses. (Claxton, 1980, p. 13)

   4) Cognitive Psychology Has Not Succeeded in Making a Significant Contribution to the Understanding of the Human Mind

   Cognitive psychology is not getting anywhere; that in spite of our sophisticated methodology, we have not succeeded in making a substantial contribution toward the understanding of the human mind.... A short time ago, the information processing approach to cognition was just beginning. Hopes were high that the analysis of information processing into a series of discrete stages would offer profound insights into human cognition. But in only a few short years the vigor of this approach was spent. It was only natural that hopes that had been so high should sink low. (Glass, Holyoak & Santa, 1979, p. ix)

   5) Cognitive Psychology Seeks to Understand Human Intelligence and Thinking

   Cognitive psychology attempts to understand the nature of human intelligence and how people think. (Anderson, 1980, p. 3)

   6) The Rise of Cognitive Psychology Demonstrates That the Impeccable Peripheralism of Stimulus- Response Theories Could Not Last

   The past few years have witnessed a noticeable increase in interest in an investigation of the cognitive processes.... It has resulted from a recognition of the complex processes that mediate between the classical "stimuli" and "responses" out of which stimulus-response learning theories hoped to fashion a psychology that would by-pass anything smacking of the "mental." The impeccable peripheralism of such theories could not last. One might do well to have a closer look at these intervening "cognitive maps." (Bruner, Goodnow & Austin, 1956, p. vii)

1 camera, photographic camera.

2 chamber, empty chamber.

3 chamber, hall, room, saloon.

4 chamber.

5 camera, television transmitting camera.

6 camera, motion-picture camera.

7 cameraman, cinematographer, cinematographist.

8 House.

9 inner tube of the tire.

* * *

► nombre femenino

1 (sala, pieza) chamber, room

2 (institución) chamber

3 (para el grano) granary

4 (de parlamento) house

5 (de rueda) inner tube

6 TÉCNICA chamber

7 (fotográfica, de cine) camera

8 ANATOMÍA cavity

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 (hombre) cameraman; (mujer) camerawoman

► nombre femenino plural cámaras

1 (diarrea) diarrhoea sing (US diarrhea)

\

a cámara lenta in slow motion

cámara acorazada strongroom

cámara alta PLÍTICA upper house

cámara baja PLÍTICA lower house

cámara de aire air chamber

cámara de cine cine camera, (US movie camera)

cámara de comercio chamber of commerce

cámara de gas gas chamber

Cámara de los Comunes House of Commons

Cámara de los Diputados Chamber of Deputies

Cámara de los Lores House of Lords

cámara fotográfica camera

cámara frigorífica cold-storage room

cámara mortuoria funeral chamber

cámara nupcial bridal suite

* * *

1) camera

2) chamber

3) house

•

- cámara de video

* * *

1. SF

1) [de fotos, televisión] camera

2) † (=habitación) chamber

3) (Pol) house, chamber

4) ( Hist) [de palacio] royal chamber

5) (Náut) (=camarote) cabin; [de oficiales] wardroom

6) [de neumático] (inner) tube

7) (Mec)

8) (Anat) cavity

9) pl cámaras (Med) † diarrhoea sing, diarrhea sing (EEUU)

- tener cámaras en la lengua

SMF camera operator, cameraman/camerawoman

* * *

1) (arc) ( aposento) chamber (frml)

- cámara acorazada or blindada

- cámara de combustión/compresión/descompresión

- cámara de gas

- cámara de oxígeno

- cámara frigorífica

- cámara mortuoria

2) (Gob, Pol) house

- cámara alta/baja

- Cámara de los Comunes/de los Lores

- Cámara de los Diputados

- Cámara de Representantes

- Cámara de Senadores

3) (Com, Fin) association

- cámara agraria or agrícola

- cámara de comercio

4) ( aparato) camera

- cámara de cine

- cámara de televisión/video or vídeo

- cámara fotográfica

5) cámara masculino y femenino (Esp) ( camarógrafo) (m) cameraman; (f) camerawoman

6)

a) (Fís, Mec) chamber

b) ( de un arma) chamber

7) ( de un neumático) inner tube

* * *

1) (arc) ( aposento) chamber (frml)

- cámara acorazada or blindada

- cámara de combustión/compresión/descompresión

- cámara de gas

- cámara de oxígeno

- cámara frigorífica

- cámara mortuoria

2) (Gob, Pol) house

- cámara alta/baja

- Cámara de los Comunes/de los Lores

- Cámara de los Diputados

- Cámara de Representantes

- Cámara de Senadores

3) (Com, Fin) association

- cámara agraria or agrícola

- cámara de comercio

4) ( aparato) camera

- cámara de cine

- cámara de televisión/video or vídeo

- cámara fotográfica

5) cámara masculino y femenino (Esp) ( camarógrafo) (m) cameraman; (f) camerawoman

6)

a) (Fís, Mec) chamber

b) ( de un arma) chamber

7) ( de un neumático) inner tube

* * *

cámara¹

¹ = vault, chamber, house.

Nota: De congreso, parlamento u otro organismo de gobierno.

cámara²

² = camera, cam.

cámara³

³ = cinematographer.

* * *

cámara Congreso de los Diputados (↑ congreso a1)

A ( arc) (aposento) chamber ( frml)

strongroom, vault

funeral chamber

strongroom, vault

isolation room

gas chamber

( Méx) cold store

torture chamber

cold store

funeral chamber

(CS) septic tank

B ( Gob, Pol) house

upper/lower house

House of Commons

Chamber of Deputies

House of Lords

House of Representatives

Senate

( Arg) Federal Appeal Court

C ( Com, Fin) association

farmers' union

chamber of commerce

clearing house

audit commission

chamber of tourism

D (aparato) camera

filmar/pasar una secuencia en or ( Esp) a cámara lenta to film/show a sequence in slow motion

chupar cámara ( fam); to get media attention ( colloq)

camera, film camera

film camera

speed camera

disk camera

television/video camera

CCTV camera

video surveillance; CCTV

infrared camera

digital camera

pinhole camera

camera

reflex camera

webcam

cámara masculine and feminine ( Esp) (camarógrafo) ( masculine) cameraman;

( feminine) camerawoman

1 ( Fís, Mec) chamber

2 (de un arma) chamber

air chamber

combustion chamber

compression chamber

decompression chamber

oxygen tent

vacuum chamber

(de un neumático) tb cámara de aire inner tube

* * *

a) (arc) ( aposento) chamber (frml)

b) ( recinto): cámara acorazada or blindada strongroom, vault;

◊ cámara de descompresión decompression chamber;

◊ Ccámara de los Diputados Chamber of Deputies;

◊ cámara de comercio chamber of commerce

◊ cámara de cine film camera;

* * *

♦ nf

1. [de fotos, cine] camera

cámara de control de velocidad speed camera;

cámara digital digital camera;

cámara fotográfica camera;

cámara lenta slow motion;

a cámara lenta in slow motion;

si miras la repetición de la jugada a cámara lenta podrás fijarte en todos los detalles if you watch the slow-motion replay, you'll be able to see all the details;

cámara oscura camera obscura;

cámara réflex reflex o SLR camera;

cámara de televisión television camera;

cámara de vídeo o Am video [profesional] video camera;

cámara web web camera

2. [sala] chamber

cámara de gas gas chamber;

cámara mortuoria funeral chamber;

cámara de torturas torture chamber

3. [receptáculo] chamber;

cámara (de aire) [de balón] bladder;

cámara de descompresión decompression chamber;

cámara frigorífica cold-storage room;

un camión con cámara frigorífica a refrigerated Br lorry o US truck;

cámara de resonancia echo chamber;

cámara de vacío vacuum chamber

4. [de arma] chamber, breech

5. [asamblea] chamber

cámara baja lower house;

Cámara de los Comunes House of Commons;

cámara legislativa legislative chamber;

Cámara de los Lores House of Lords;

Cámara de Representantes House of Representatives;

cámara territorial = chamber of parliament where members represent a region, rather than electoral constituencies of roughly equal size

6. Com [entidad, organismo] chamber

cámara de Comercio Chamber of Commerce;

cámara de compensación clearing house;

cámara de la propiedad property owners' association

7.

pintor de cámara court painter

♦ nmf

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I f

1 FOT, TV camera;

chupar cámara fam

a cámara lenta in slow motion

2 ( sala) chamber;

de cámara MÚS chamber atr

II m/f cameraman; mujer camerawoman

* * *

cámara nf

1) : camera

2) : chamber, room

3) : house (in government)

4) : inner tube

* * *

cámara n

1. (fotográfica, de televisión) camera

2. (persona) cameraman [pl. cameramen]

3. (de bicicleta) inner tube

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

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John Ridley was a preacher in his youth, and then became a mill owner before migrating to Australia with his wife and daughters in 1839. Intending to continue his business in the new colony, he took with him a "Grasshopper" overbeam steam-engine made by James Watt, together with milling equipment. Cereal acreages were insufficient for the steam power he had available, and he expanded into saw milling as well as farming 300 acres. Aware of the Adelaide trials of reaping machines, he eventually built a prototype using the same principles as those developed by Wrathall Bull. After a successful trial in 1843 Ridley began the patent procedure in England, although he never completed the project. The agricultural press was highly enthusiastic about his machine, but when trials took place in 1855 the award went to a rival. The development of the stripper enabled a spectacular increase in the cereal acreage planted over the next decade. Ridley left Australia in 1853 and returned to England. He built a number of machines to his design in Leeds; however, these failed to perform in the much damper English climate. All of the machines were exported to South America, anticipating a substantial market to be exploited by Australian manufacturers.

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